Advantages and disadvantges of kachrus three circle model by fred wehbe. For many sociolinguists the most important and accurate model is the one proposed by braj kachru in 1988. Braj kachrus identification of the three concentric circles has been marveled by various linguists of the world. Kachru 1985 described the spread of english in terms of three concentric circles.
Braj kachru, born in 1932 in kashmir, is an indian professor emeritus of linguistics at the university of illinois, who initiated, shaped and defined the field of world englishs which describes the spread of english all across the globe. The model was embedded in a particular set of ideas and a political position, premised on a number of assumptions about languages and societies. To better understand the use of english in different countries, kachru conceived the idea of three concentric circles of the language. Kachrus three concentric circles model of english language. This model is comprised of three concentric circles, which he labelled. Kachrus research while affiliated with university of illinois. Kachru 1992 however, put forward another classification outlining the roles of english in the world as three concentric circles. Kachrus three concentric circles and english teaching. The outer circle is one of the three concentric circles of world english described by linguist braj kachru in standards, codification and sociolinguistic realism. These three circles, as has repeatedly been mentioned in the literature, bring to the english language and, of course, to its literature, too a unique cultural pluralism, and a variety of speech fellowships. This paper provides a brief description on the aspect of malaysian english lexis. Introduction the unprecedented global spread english has experienced in the last years has paved the way for changes in the sociolinguistic profile of the language. Braj kachrus model of three concentric circles of englishes was originally proposed with a clear pedagogic problem in mind, but has developed to an account that stretches beyond the context of pedagogy. Moreover, following these discussions on wes, eil and.
Braj kachrus explains the resultant dominance of english through his model of world englishes. According to him the spread of english stems from the expansion of the british empire and its resulting colonial legacy. He is known particularly for his description of englishs three circles. The diffusion of english is seen in terms of three concentric circles. It has become conventional to represent the diversity of varieties of english in the form of three concentric circles an idea introduced by the linguist braj kachru. The inner circle refers to the traditional cultural and linguistic bases of. World englishes and culture wars by braj kachru border. It has become conventional to represent the diversity of varieties of english in the form of three concentric circles an idea introduced by the linguist braj kachru in 1985.
The threecircle model of world englishes was developed by kachru in 1985 and it remains one of the most influential models for grouping the varieties of english in the world mollin, 2006, p. His three circle model of world englishes, states that there are three circles inside which, the different speakers are classified. The inner circle is made up the traditional bases of english and its. The inner circle refers to the traditional bases of english, where it is the primary language. World englishes and culture wars by braj kachru border crossing. His theory states that the prevalence of english today can be divided into three concentric circles. The inner circle refers to countries where english is used as a mothertongue language for example, usa, uk, and ireland. This paper attempts to introduce and explain the famous three concentric circles proposed by kachru, namely, the inner circle, the outer. Our aim here is to contribute to this objective examination by subjecting it to the analysis of braj kachrus model of world englishes mwe. Three circle model of world englishes english literature. The expanding circle is one of the three concentric circles of world english described by linguist braj kachru in standards, codification and sociolinguistic realism.
The inner circle countries were those in which english was traditionally the first. The inner circle, the outer circle, and the expanding circle. World englishes and applied linguistics kachru 1990. In this article, you will learn to create concentric circles using smartart tool. Kachrus three concentric circles model of english language eric. A, australia, new zealand, ireland and anglophone canada. The kachru model consisted on three concentric circles. Kachrus three concentric circles, the interlanguage theory, standard english and english as a lingua france elf were paid special attention while touching upon the controversial debates on world englishes. You will note from the following quote that kachru refers to the eslefl classi. Kachrus three circles method of classification outlining the roles of english in the world as three concentric circles.
Kachru assigned the inner circle to the native speakers of english comprising of countries such as the united kingdom, united states of america, new zealand, canada, australia and ireland. Looking under kachrus 1982, 1985 three circles model of world englishes. The most influential model of the spread of english is braj kachrus model of world englishes. Using circles to map the world only english braj kachr u s pioneering model 1982, 1985, 1986, 1990, 1996, 2003. Analysis of kachrus concentric circles english language. The most influential model of the spread of english is braj kachru s model of world englishes. World englishes, english as an international language and. These were concentric circles and he called them the inner, outer and expanding circles. Looking under kachrus 1982, 1985 three circles model of. The current sociolinguistic profile of english may be viewed in terms of three concentric circles. Taking into account kachrus interesting but at the same time controversial debate about the status of english in its varieties, which are commonly called wes and the opposing ideas presented by quirk, it is aimed to present an overview of these discussions, together with some examples. The inner circle represents the traditional bases of english. This paper addresses the issue of the relationship between world englishes we and applied linguistics.
The article titled kachrus three concentric circles. Tripathi a reexamination of a widelyestablished view of how english works in the world english is perhaps the most widely used language in the world today1 but the assumptions and formulations about its use in different parts of the world are variously questionable. Whether it is target diagram, circular maze or ripple effect diagram concentric circles form the base for a whole range of diagrams. These circles represent the type of spread, the patterns of acquisition and the functional domains in which english is used across cultures and languages kachru, 1985, p. However, the real international status of kiswahili is yet to be put to test objectively. World englishes academic dictionaries and encyclopedias. Concentric circles are extremely useful to create a whole range of business graphics. In his investigation of the spread of english, braj kachru 1985 presents a model that consists of three circles each one representing a particular group of countries on the basis of the situation and the use of english in them see figure 1 below. Kachrus model comprised of three concentric circles of languages. Looking under kachrus 1982, 1985 three circles model of world.
Pdf looking under kachrus 1982, 1985 three circles model of. The inner circle, the outer circle and the expanding circle. Inner circle outer circle expanding circle the amount of speakers in the inner and outer circles are both estimated at 37 million and the expanding circle at 750million according to. In his seminal papers and miscellaneous writings, braj kachru discussed the spread of english around the world in terms of three concentric circles. Advantages and disadvantges of kachrus three circle. Three concentric circles by braj kachru 1743 words 123.
The labels inner, outer, and expanding circles represent the type of spread. Kachrus concentric circles model the concentric circles model proposed by kachru is a method encapsulating the types of spread, the patterns of acquisition and the functional domains in which english is used across cultures kachru, 1992. Kachru model the three circles of english varieties of. The total number of english speakers in the inner circle is as. The labels inner, outer, and expanding circles represent the type of spread, the patterns of acquisition, and the functional allocation of the english language in diverse. Three circle model of world englishes english uk essays. Lexicology and semantics assignment week 1 group 5. It discussed about the spread of english language around the world through braj kachrus three concentric circles. In his 1985 paper, kachru classified englishes using the now famous three circles model. In his investigation of the spread of english, braj kachru 1985 presents a model that consists of three circles each one. It starts off with the developmental cycles of new varieties of english based on three main models by three main scholars, namely, kachrus three concentric circles of englishes 1994, moags lifecycle model 1982, and schneiders dynamic model 2007. Implications for english language teaching in expandingcircle countries.
In this model the diffusion of english is captured in terms of three concentric circles of the language. Braj kachrus pioneering model 1982, 1985, 1986, 1990, 1996, 2003, representing the growth and spread of english in the world, has been. Although, we have reached a conclusion that it is not completely correct since we still have people all over the world migrating from one place to another. Included in this circle are the usa, uk, ireland, canada, australia and new zealand. This paper examines the pioneering model of world englishes formulated by kachru in the early 1980s that allocates the presence of english into three concentric circles. Let us begin with kachrus classification of english as a world language as consisting of three circles kachru, 1982, 1988. Kachrus three concentric circles and english teaching fallacies. Kachru assigned the inner circle to the native speakers of english comprising. Outer circle definition and examples world english. Kachru conceived the idea of three concentric circles of. Braj kachru proposed a model of three concentric circles that showed the diversity of english, differentiated between native and nonnative englishes and legitimised nonnative englishes as distinct varieties. The article kachrus three concentric circles is an informative literary piece for it gives lots of information or facts on how english language has clambered throughout the world and how it is widely spoken by less than two billion people worldwide. He also developed the idea of the three circles of the english language. Alixander haban escote is very informative and impressive.
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